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Latency and throughput
- Placing a machine close to the primary users or connected systems reduces round-trip time and can significantly improve interactive workloads (e.g. remote desktops, APIs, low-latency inference).
Example: A user in Germany will usually experience lower latency from a VM in a Frankfurt data center than from one in North America. -
Regulatory and data residency requirements
- Certain workloads (e.g. handling personal data subject to GDPR) may need data to remain within a specific legal jurisdiction. Choosing an in-data center data center helps meet data residency, audit, and compliance obligations.
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Cost considerations
- Compute and storage pricing can vary by data center.
- Keeping tightly coupled services in the same data center reduces inter-data center data transfer costs.
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Hardware and feature availability
- Not all data centers offer every GPU/CPU type, storage tier, or GPU generation. Newer hardware typically appears in a limited set of data centers first.
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Scaling and capacity planning
- Some data centers may have higher capacity for burst scaling. Selecting a data center with adequate headroom reduces risk of quota or capacity delays for large fleet expansions.
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Data locality for pipelines
- Analytics, training, or inference pipelines that depend on large datasets perform better when compute and storage are co-located, minimizing cross-data center replication overhead.
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Security and network architecture
- Shorter network paths reduce exposure surface and simplify monitoring. Data center choice can align with existing SOC, SIEM, or zero-trust boundary designs.
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Environmental and sustainability factors
- Data centers differ in grid carbon intensity and renewable energy mix. Selecting a lower-carbon data center can support sustainability reporting.
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User experience and SLA alignment
- Meeting latency SLAs (e.g. p95 < X ms) often hinges on geographic proximity. Data center choice should be validated with real RTT measurements, not assumptions.
- Identify primary user clusters and measure baseline latency (e.g. ICMP + application RTT).
- Map compliance/data residency constraints early; this can eliminate data centers.
- Verify required instance types and quotas in target data centers.
- Model total cost (compute + storage + interconnect).
- Design a multi-data center failover plan if uptime requirements demand it.
- Run a small benchmark (network, CPU/GPU, storage I/O) in candidate data centers before committing.